Plongée : comment améliorer ses performances en apnée ?

L’apnée est un sport aquatique qui est de plus en plus répandu. Il consiste à retenir sa respiration le plus longtemps possible, sous l’eau. Il se pratique dans un cadre naturel ou en piscine. L’apnée est reconnue pour ses bénéfices sur le plan respiratoire ou psychologique. En effet, il s’agit d’un sport plutôt relaxant. Sachez qu’il existe alors tout un tas de techniques pour progresser rapidement. 

Freediver shows the « OK » sign in the depth of Blue Hole, Gypt

L’apnée en quelques chiffres … 

Avant toute chose, notons que les performances en apnée sont particulièrement variables d’une personne à une autre. De même, tout dépend du type d’apnée que vous pratiquez (statique ou en mouvement). Cependant, pour vous donner un ordre d’idées, sachez qu’une personne non entraînée mais ayant une bonne condition physique est capable de rester entre 1 minute et 1 minutes 30 sans respirer. Les apnéistes professionnels, en revanche, peuvent rester sous l’eau environ 5 minutes. Enfin, dans une toute autre catégorie, le record mondial est détenu par le Français Stéphane Misfud et s’élève à 11 minutes et 35 secondes ! 

Respirez correctement

La première chose pour progresser en apnée est d’avoir conscience de sa respiration. En effet, nous respirons tous de façon mécanique. Néanmoins, ressentez-vous vraiment les volumes respiratoires qui entrent dans vos poumons ? Pour progresser, il faut donc que vous visualisiez vos poumons et que vous ressentiez chacune de vos respirations. À chaque inspiration, vous devez vous imaginer vos poumons en train de se gonfler et de se gorger d’air. Il ne faut plus que votre respiration soit uniquement instinctive.

Soyez toujours calmes

Pour améliorer votre durée d’apnée, votre corps doit ralentir sa consommation d’oxygène. Par conséquent, veillez à rester calme tout au long de l’exercice, y compris au moment de votre immersion dans l’eau. Si vous pratiquez de l’apnée dynamique, c’est-à-dire en mouvement, veillez à ce que votre palmage et votre descente soient fluides. 

Faites de l’apnée régulièrement

Pour améliorer vos capacités respiratoires, il est nécessaire d’être régulier dans votre travail. Si vous souhaitez voir vos capacités thoraciques augmentées, sachez qu’il est nécessaire de faire au moins une séance d’apnée par semaine.

Assouplissez votre cage thoracique

De même, sachez que vous pouvez faire travailler votre cage thoracique sans forcément être dans l’eau. Pour cela, expirez totalement et inspirez en gonflant d’abord votre vente puis votre cage thoracique. Répétez cet exercice aussi souvent que possible.

Protégez-vous bien du froid

Le froid a tendance à consommer de l’oxygène. Il est donc primordial d’avoir une tenue adéquate qui vous protégera des températures basses tout en vous procurant malgré tout une certaine aisance.

Ne mangez pas avant votre séance

Au même titre que le froid, la digestion a tendance à consommer de l’oxygène. Ainsi, il est recommandé de ne pas manger dans les quatre heures précédant une séance d’apnée. 

Dans tous les cas, sachez qu’il est primordial de ne jamais être seul pour pratiquer l’apnée. Même si vous êtes à l’écoute de votre corps, l’apnée peut provoquer un malaise et il est donc impératif d’être entouré d’une personne capable de vous secourir si besoin.

Rendez-vous sur Novatopo !

Par : Faustine Pascal

1 012 commentaires Ajoutez le votre

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